Tolstoy Argues That What We Perceive as Evil is Actually Just Different Interpretations of What is Good: Exploring the Complex Nature of Morality and Human Actions

Discover the complexity of morality and human actions in Tolstoy's argument that evil is subjective. Explore differing conceptions of good and the unintended harm caused.

One may say that evil does not exist for subjective man at all, that there exist only different conceptions of good. Nobody ever does anything deliberately in the interests of evil, for the sake of evil. Everybody acts in the interests of good, as he understands it. But everybody understands it in a different way. Consequently men drown, slay, and kill one another in the interests of good.

Gurdjieff


The content explores the complex nature of morality and human actions, arguing that what we perceive as evil is actually just different interpretations of what is good. It highlights the divergent understandings of good among individuals, leading to conflicting actions and unintended harm. The article emphasizes the importance of education, dialogue, empathy, and humility in bridging these gaps and working towards a more harmonious world.



   

Meaning of Quote – One may say that evil does not exist for subjective man at all, that there exist only different conceptions of good. Nobody ever does anything deliberately in the interests of evil, for the sake of evil. Everybody acts in the interests of good, as he understands it. But everybody understands it in a different way. Consequently men drown, slay, and kill one another in the interests of good.

Evil is a concept that has perplexed philosophers, theologians, and everyday individuals for centuries. What exactly is evil? And do people intentionally carry out evil actions? These questions often lead to a deeper exploration of the nature of good and the various understandings individuals have of it.

It can be argued that evil does not have a concrete existence for subjective individuals. Instead, what we perceive as evil is simply different conceptions of good. In other words, people’s actions are driven by their understanding of what is morally right and just, rather than an inherent desire to cause harm or act in a malevolent manner. This perspective suggests that individuals always act in the interests of good, as they personally comprehend it.

Yet, there is an inherent problem with this view – the diverse interpretations of good that exist among individuals. Everyone understands the notion of good in a different way, and this divergence in understanding leads to conflicting actions and outcomes. Consequently, even when striving for what they perceive as good, people may unintentionally cause harm, leading to conflicts, tragedies, and even death.

Consider a simple example: two people witnessing a drowning in a lake. One person may believe that it is morally right to try and save the drowning individual, while the other person, based on their understanding of good, may prioritize their own safety and decide not to intervene. Both individuals are acting in what they perceive as good, and yet this discrepancy in their understanding creates a situation where one person’s life is at risk.

This example illustrates the complexity that arises when individuals act according to their own subjective understanding of good. It shows how different conceptions of good can lead to conflicting actions and how these actions may inadvertently cause harm.

In a larger context, the consequences of conflicting conceptions of good can become significantly more devastating. Throughout history, wars, genocides, and other mass atrocities have been carried out in the name of good. Leaders and individuals involved in these acts often genuinely believed that what they were doing was morally justified and meant to serve a greater good. However, due to their differing understandings of good, these acts resulted in immense suffering and loss.

   

Consider the countless wars that have been fought in the pursuit of various ideological visions of good. The Crusades, for example, were driven by religious zeal and the belief that reclaiming the Holy Land was a righteous and just endeavor. However, this understanding clashed with the beliefs of other cultures and religions, resulting in centuries of bloodshed and animosity.

Similarly, in more recent history, the Rwandan genocide serves as a stark reminder of how differing conceptions of good can lead to unimaginable horrors. The conflict between Hutus and Tutsis was fueled by a deep-seated hatred resulting from different interpretations of good. What some perceived as righteous retribution, others saw as unfathomable evil, leading to the deaths of hundreds of thousands.

So how do we reconcile these differing conceptions of good? How do we prevent the well-intentioned pursuit of good from resulting in harm?

Education and dialogue play crucial roles in addressing these challenges. By fostering a greater understanding of diverse perspectives and promoting empathy, individuals can begin to bridge the gaps between their own conceptions of good and those of others. It is important to cultivate an environment where open-mindedness and respectful discussion can flourish, allowing for the exploration of different values and beliefs.

Additionally, it is critical to recognize the limitations of our own understandings of good. No one person possesses absolute knowledge or moral superiority. Understanding this helps to foster humility and an openness to learning from others, even when their beliefs differ significantly from our own.

In conclusion, the quote “One may say that evil does not exist for subjective man at all, that there exist only different conceptions of good” encapsulates the complex nature of morality and human actions. It suggests that individuals always act in the interests of what they perceive as good, but these perceptions vary greatly. Consequently, conflicts arise, lives are lost, and tragedies occur. By acknowledging the diverse understandings of good and engaging in education and dialogue, we can strive to bridge the gaps and work towards a more harmonious and compassionate world.

   

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Freely Shareable Quote Image One may say that evil does not exist for subjective man at all, that there exist only different conceptions of good.  Nobody ever does anything deliberately in the interests of evil, for the sake of evil.  Everybody acts in the interests of good, as he understands it.  But everybody understands it in a different way.  Consequently men drown, slay, and kill one another in the interests of good.